保定绿化苗木公司

7 methods of building garden rockery

【安】将一块山石平放在一块至几块山石之上的叠石方法就叫做“安”。这里的安字又有安稳的意思，即要求平放的山石要放稳，不能被动摇，石下不稳处要用剥石实刹紧。“安”的手法主要用在要求山脚空透或在石下需要做眼的地方。根据安石下面支承石的多少，这种技法又分为单安、双安和三安三种形式。

[Ann] a method of stacking a mountain stone on a piece of rock or stone is called "an". The word "safety" has the meaning of being stable, that is to say, it is necessary to stabilize the mountain stone that is placed horizontally, and not to be shaken. The method of "Ann" is mainly used in the place where the foot of the mountain is hollow or needs to be looked at under the stone. According to the number of support stones under Anshi, this technique can be divided into three forms: one, two and three.

单安：是把山石安放在一块支承石上面。

Shan an: the stone is placed on a supporting stone.

双安：是以两块支承石做脚而安放山石的形式。

Shuang an: it is a form of rock and stone placed in two feet.

三安：将安石平放在三块分离的支承石之上就是三安。三安手法也可用于设置园林石桌石凳。

San an: to put an Shi Ping on three separate supporting stones is San an. The San an technique can also be used to set up stone tables and stone stools.

【压】为了稳定假山悬崖或使出挑的山石保持平衡，用重石镇压悬崖后部或出挑山石的后端，这种叠石方法就是“压”。压的时候，要注意使重石的重心位置落在挑石后部适当地方，使其既能压实挑石，又不会由于压得太靠后而导致挑石翘起翻倒。

In order to stabilize the rocky cliffs or keep the picked rocks in balance, the back end of the cliffs or the pick of the rocks is crushed with heavy rocks, which is the "pressure". When the pressure is pressed, we should pay attention to the position of the gravity center of the barystone in the proper place of the back of the rock, so that it can not only compact the rock, but also cause the rock to rise and fall because of the pressure.

【错】即错落叠石，山石和下石采取错位相叠，而不是平齐叠放。“错”的技法可以使层叠的山石更多变化，叠砌体表面更易形成沟槽、凹凸和参差的形体特征，使山形形象更加生动自然。

[error] that is, the falling stones are stacked together instead of flat ones. The technique of "wrong" can make the laminated rocks more varied, and the surface of the masonry is more likely to form the groove, concave and convex and the different forms, so that the image of the mountain is more vivid and natural.

【搭】用长条形石或板状石跨过其下方两边分离的山石，并盖在分离山石之上的叠石技法称为“搭”。“搭”的技法主要应用在假山上做石桥和对山洞盖顶处理。所用的山石形状一定要避免规则，要用自然形状的长形石。

The technique of stacking stone with long strip of stone or slab stone across the lower part of the two sides separated from the mountain rock is called "ride". The technique of "ride" is mainly applied to stone bridges and coping with caves. The shape of the mountain must be avoided and the natural shape of the long stone should be used.

【连】山石之间水平衔接，称为“连”。相连的山石在其连接处在茬口形状和石面皱纹要尽可能相互吻合，能做到严丝合缝最理想。多数情况下只能要求基本吻合。吻合的目的不仅在于求得山石外观的整体性，更主要是为了再结构上浑然一体。茬口中的水泥砂浆一定要填塞饱满，接缝表面应随着石形变化而变化，而抹成平缝，以便于使山石完全练成整体。

[Lian] the horizontal link between mountains and rocks is called "Lian". The connection of the mountain stones should be consistent with each other in the shape of the stubble and the stone surface wrinkles. In most cases, we can only require basic anastomosis. The purpose of the anastomosis lies not only in seeking the integrity of the appearance of the stone, but also in order to make the structure more integrated. The cement mortar in the stubble must be filled and plump. The surface of the joint should change along the shape of the stone, and it will be pladded to make the stone complete.

【夹】在上下两层山石之间，塞进比较小块的山石并用水泥砂浆固定下来，就可在两层山石间做出洞穴和孔眼。这种技法称为“夹”的叠石方法，其特点是二石上下相夹，所做孔眼如同水平槽缝状。此外，在向直立的两块峰石之间塞进小石并加以固定，也是一种“夹”的方法。这种“夹”法的特点是二石左右相夹，所造成的孔洞主要是坚向槽孔。“夹”这一技法是假山造型中做眼的主要方法之一。

[sandwiched] between the upper and lower two layers of rocks, the smaller blocks of stones are fixed and fixed with cement mortar to make caves and holes between the two layers of rock. This technique is called the "folding" method of rock folding, which is characterized by two stones on the upper and lower phases, and the holes are like horizontal slot. In addition, it is a kind of "clip" method to plug small stones into two vertical peaks. The characteristic of this "clip" method is that the two stones are sandwiched between the left and right sides, which are mainly caused by the sway to the slot. The technique of "clip" is one of the main ways to make eyes in rockery modeling.

【挑】又叫“出挑”、“外挑”或“悬挑”是利用长形山石做挑石，横向伸出于其下层山石之外，并以下层山石支承重量，再用另外的重石压住挑石的后端，使挑石平衡地挑出。这是各类假山都运用很广泛的一种山石堆叠方法。在出挑中，挑石的伸出长度一般可为其本身长度的三分之一到三分之二。挑出一层不够远，则还可继续挑出一层至数层。就现代的假山施工技术而言，一般都可以挑出2米多。出挑成功的关键，在于挑石的后端一定要用重石压紧，这就是明代计成在谈到做假山悬崖时所说的“等分平衡法”。

"Pick" and "pick", "out of the pick" or "hanging" is to use long stone to do pick stone, lateral extension out of its lower rock, and the following layers of rock support weight, and then another heavy stone to hold the back end of the rock, so that the rock pick out the balance. This is a widely used method of rockfill stacking for all kinds of rockery. The length of the stone is usually 1/3 to 2/3 of its length. If one layer is not far enough, we can continue to pick up one level to several levels. In terms of modern rockery construction technology, it is generally possible to pick out more than 2 meters. The key to the success of the selection is that the back end of the rock pick must be pressed with heavy stones. This is the "equal balance method" in the Ming Dynasty when it comes to the rocky cliffs.

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