保定绿化苗木公司

景观设计中道路绿化的植物该如何配置？

How to design plants for road greening in landscape design?

城市道路绿化，是城市园林绿地系统的重要组成部分，也是城市文明的重要标志之一。街道绿化搞好了，不仅美化街景，而且还有净化空气、减弱噪音、减尘、改善小气候、防风、防火，保护路面、组织城市交通、维护交通等作用，同时也会有一定的经济效益和社会效益。近些年，全国各城市都加大了园林绿化力度，争创园林绿化先进城市，园林部门把创“全国园林城”作为重要任务，街道绿化作为城市的“脸面”，是重中之重。因此，新街道的绿化建设，老旧街道的绿化改造，成为大多数中小城市园林部门每年的主要任务之一。

Urban road greening is an important part of urban green space system, and also an important symbol of urban civilization. The street greening is good, not only beautifying the street scene, but also purifying the air, reducing the noise, reducing the dust, improving the microclimate, the wind protection, the fire protection, protecting the road, organizing the urban traffic, maintaining the traffic and so on, at the same time, it also has certain economic and social benefits. In recent years, every city in the country has increased the intensity of landscaping, striving to create an advanced city for landscaping, and the garden department has set up a "national garden city" as an important task, and the street greening as the "face" of the city is the most important. Therefore, the greening construction of new streets and the greening transformation of old streets become one of the main tasks of the garden departments in most small and medium-sized cities every year.

1、乔木的选择

1. Selection of trees

乔木在街道绿化中，主要作为行道树，作用主要是夏季为行人遮荫、美化街景，因此选择品种时主要从下面几方面着手：

Tree in street greening, mainly as a road tree, the main role is the summer for pedestrians shade, beautify the street view, so the selection of varieties mainly from the following aspects:

（1）株形整齐，观赏价值较高（或花型、叶型、果实奇特，或花色鲜艳，或花期长），最好叶秋季变色，冬季可观树形、赏枝干；

(1) the shape of the plant is neat and the ornamental value is high (or flower type, leaf type, exotic fruit, bright color, or long flowering period), the best leaf discoloration, the observable tree shape and the branch dry in winter.

（2）生命力强健，病虫害少，便于管理，管理费用低，花、果、枝叶无不良气味；

(2) strong vitality, less pests and diseases, easy management, low management costs, flowers, fruits, branches and leaves without bad smell.

（3）树木发芽早、落叶晚，适合本地区正常生长，晚秋落叶期在短时间内树叶即能落光，便于集中清扫；

(3) trees sprouting early and late leaves are suitable for normal growth in the region. In late autumn and deciduous periods, leaves can fall off in a short time and facilitate centralized cleaning.

（4）行道树树冠整齐，分枝点足够高，主枝伸张、角度与地面不小于30度，叶片紧密，有浓荫；

(4) the street trees have a neat crown and a high branching point. The branches are stretched, the angles are not less than 30 degrees above the ground, and the leaves are dense and dense.

（5）繁殖容易，移植后易于成活和恢复生长，适宜大树移植；

(5) it is easy to propagate and easy to survive and grow after transplantation.

（6）有一定耐污染、抗烟尘的能力；

(6) the ability to be resistant to pollution and smoke and dust;

（7）树木寿命较长，生长速度不太缓慢。目前在河北省唐市应用较多的有雪松、法桐、国槐、合欢、栾树、垂柳、馒头柳、杜仲、白蜡等。

(7) trees have longer life span and slower growth rate. At present, there are more cedar, French Tung, Sophora japonica, acacia, Luan tree, weeping willow, steamed willow, Eucommia ulmoides and Fraxinus in Hebei.

灌木的选择

Selection of shrubs

灌木多应用于分车带或人行道绿带（车行道的边缘与建筑红线之间的绿化带），可遮挡视线、减弱噪声等，选择时应注意以下几个方面：

Shrubs should be used in the car belt or the green belt of the sidewalk (the green belt between the edge of the road and the red line of the building), which can cover the line of sight and weaken the noise.

（1）枝叶丰满、株形完美，花期长，花多而显露，防止过多萌孽枝过长妨碍交通；

(1) the branches and leaves are full, the plant shape is perfect, the florescence is long, the flower is many and reveals, prevents too many sprouting branches to be too long to obstruct the traffic;

（2）植株无刺或少刺，叶色有变，耐修剪，在一定年限内人工修剪可控制它的树形和高矮；

(2) the plant has no thorns or little thorns, and its leaf color changes, and it is resistant to pruning.

（3）繁殖容易，易于管理，能耐灰尘和路面辐射。应用较多的有大叶黄杨、金叶女贞、紫叶小蘖、月季、紫蔽、丁香、紫荆、连翘、榆叶梅等。

(3) easy to propagate, easy to manage, resistant to dust and road surface radiation. More widely used are Euonymus japonicus, Ligustrum lucidum, purple leaf sprout, rose, purple, cloves, Bauhinia, forsythia, lilac leaf and so on.

地被植物的选择。

The choice of ground by plants.

目前，北方大多数城市主要选择冷季型草坪作为地被植物，根据气候、温度、湿度、土壤等条件选择适宜的草坪草种是至关重要的；另外多种低矮花灌木均可作地被应用，如棣棠等。

At present, cold season turf is mainly chosen as ground cover in most cities in northern China. It is very important to choose suitable lawn grass according to climate, temperature, humidity and soil, and the other low flower shrubs can be applied, such as di crab.

草本花卉的选择

Selection of herbaceous flowers

一般露地花卉以宿根花卉为主，与乔灌草巧妙搭配，合理配置：一、二年生草本花卉只在重点部位点缀，不宜多用。

The common ground flowers are mainly perennial flowers, with the skillful collocation with Jo grasses and rational allocation: first, the perennial herbs are only embellished in the key parts, so it is not suitable to use more.

道路绿化中行道树种植设计形式

Design form of road tree planting in road greening

（1）树带式。交通、人流不大的路段，在人行道和车行道之间，留出一条不加铺装的种植带，一般宽不小于1.5米，植一行大乔木和树篱，如宽度适宜，则可分别植两行或多行乔木与树篱；树下铺设草皮，留出铺装过道，以便人流或汽车停站。

(1) the form of a tree. The road and traffic, between the pavement and the road, between the pavement and the road, leaving a strip without paving, generally not less than 1.5 meters wide, planting a row of big trees and hedgerows, if the width is suitable, then can be planted two rows or multiple rows of trees and hedgerows; under the tree, lay the SOD and leave the pavement to stop the station.

（2）树池式。在交通量较大，行人多而人行道又窄的路段，设计正方形、长方形或圆形空地，种植花草树木，形成池式绿地。正方形以边长1.5米较合适，长方形长、宽分别以2米、1.5米为宜，圆形树池以直径不小于1.5米为好；行道树的栽植点位于几何形的中心，池边缘高出人行道8厘米——10厘米，避免行人践踏，如果树池略低于路面，应加与路面同高的池墙，这样可增加人行道的宽度，又避免践踏，同时还可使雨水渗入池内；池墙可用铸铁或钢筋混凝土做成，设计时应当简单大方。

(2) tree pool. In the sections with large traffic volume, pedestrians and narrow sidewalks, square, rectangular or circular open spaces are designed to grow flowers and trees to form pool green spaces. The square is suitable for 1.5 meters long and the length and width of the rectangle are 2 meters and 1.5 meters respectively. The round tree pool is not less than 1.5 meters in diameter. The planting point of the road tree is located in the center of geometry, and the edge of the pool is 8 centimeters - 10 centimeters high out of the sidewalk to avoid pedestrians trampling. If the tree pool is slightly lower than the pavement, it should be added to the road with the same height. The pool wall, which can increase the width of the sidewalk, and avoid trampling at the same time, can also make rain infiltration into the pool; the wall of the pool can be made of cast iron or reinforced concrete, and the design should be simple and generous.

行道树种植时，应充分考虑株距与定干高度。一般株行距要根据树冠大小决定，有4米、5米、6米、8米不等，若种植干径为5厘米以上的树苗，株距应定为6米——8米为宜；从车行道边缘至建筑红线之间的绿化地段，统称为人行道绿化带，为了保证车辆在车行道上行驶时，车中人能够看到人行道上的行人和建筑，在人行道绿化带上种植树木，必须保持一定的株距，一般来说，株距不应小于树冠的2倍。

When planting roadside trees, plant spacing and fixed height should be fully considered. The general line spacing should be determined according to the size of the tree crown, which is 4 meters, 5 meters, 6 meters, 8 meters. If the seedling of more than 5 cm is planted, the spacing of the plant should be 6 meters - 8 meters, and the greening zone from the edge of the road to the building red line is known as the sidewalk greening belt, to ensure the vehicle driving on the road. Chinese people can see pedestrians and buildings on the sidewalk, planting trees on the sidewalk greening belt must keep a certain spacing, generally speaking, the plant distance should not be less than 2 times that of the tree crown.

城市干道的植物配置

Plant configuration of urban trunk road

城市干道具有实现交通、组织街景、改善小气候的三大功能，并以丰富的景观效果、多样的绿地形式和多变的季相色彩影响着城市景观空间和景观视线。城市干道分为一般城市干道、景观游憩型干道、防护型干道、高速公路、高架道路等类型。各种类型城市干道的绿化设计都应该在遵循生态学原理的基础上，根据美学特征和人的行为游憩学原理来进行植物配置，体现各自的特色。植物配置应视地点的不同而有各

Urban trunk road has three functions of realizing traffic, organizing street view and improving microclimate, and affecting the landscape space and view of the city with rich landscape effect, various forms of green space and changeable season color. Urban arterial roads are divided into general urban trunk roads, scenic recreational trunk roads, protective trunk roads, highways, elevated roads and so on. The greening design of various types of urban main roads should be based on the principles of ecology, according to the aesthetic characteristics and the principles of human behavior and recreation to carry out plant configuration and reflect their own characteristics. Plant allocation should vary from place to place.