保定绿化苗木公司

园林假山的施工工艺

Construction technology of garden rockery

一、艺术性

One, art

在进行假山堆砌时，需要建造者具有人为的艺术理念，这样才能保证塑造出来的假山具有雄伟、磅礴的气势，与周边的建筑等相得益彰 。

When the rockery is stacked, the builders need the artistic idea of human beings so as to ensure that the built rockery is majestic, majestic, and the surrounding buildings are complemented.

二、风格各异

Two. Different styles

假山是仿造自然山水的艺术作品，所以在堆砌时利用不同的石材可以表现出不同的风格。

Rockery is a work of imitation of natural landscapes, so different stones can show different styles when stacking.

三、可以在非产石区进行应用

Three. It can be used in non - stone producing areas

目前利用其他原料代替石料来塑造假山的工艺不断成熟，由于其取材广泛，成本较低，所以可以在非产石区进行假山的堆叠。

At present, the technology of using other materials instead of stone to mold rockery is mature. Because of its wide selection of materials and low cost, the rockery can be stacked in non - rock producing areas.

四、施工灵活，不受限制

Four. The construction is flexible and unrestricted

进行假山施工时具有较好的灵活性，不会受到地形及地物的限制，对于一此无法进人的空间，可以利用假山来营造出良好的效果。

The construction of rockery has a good flexibility and will not be restricted by the terrain and ground objects. For a space that can't be entered, we can use the rockery to create a good effect.

五、利于附属设施的设置

Five. It is beneficial to the establishment of subsidiary facilities

在假山堆砌过程中，更利于一此绿化、水槽等跌水位置系统的设置。

In the process of rockery stacking, it is more conducive to setting up a drop position system such as greening and sink.

假山施工技术

Construction technology of rockery

一、施工准备。

1. Construction preparation.

在进行假山堆叠前需要熟悉图纸，对现场地形、地质及地基等情况进行勘察，以便于根据现场的实际情况来进行施工方案的选择。由于假山工程具有其特殊性，其设计不可能一步到位，也不可能像自然界中的山体那样面面俱到的进行细致的体现，假山一般情况下只是将山体的大致轮廓及主要剖面进行表面，所以在施工前通常都会先制作模型，这样在施工时才能更方便，使设计意图更完整的表现出来。

Before the rockery stack is stacked, we need to be familiar with the drawings, survey the terrain, geology and foundation, so as to make the choice of the construction scheme according to the actual situation. Because the rockery project has its particularity, its design can not be in place in one step, nor can it be meticulously reflected as the mountain body in nature. In general, the mountain is only the rough outline of the mountain and the main section, so the model is often made before the construction. It is more convenient to make the design intention more complete.

二、定点放线

Two. Fixed-point placement

放线需要对假山的平面图及每一部位的坐标点位进行标注出来，所以在现场放线过程中，需要按照比例尽，利用白石粉、竹签及小木棒等做好标记，以免出现差错。

It is necessary to mark out the plane map of the rockery and the position of the coordinates of each part, so in the process of setting the line, it is necessary to use the white stone powder, the bamboo stick and the small stick to mark it, so as to avoid the mistake.

三、基础施工。

Three. Basic construction.

基础施工包括桩基、灰土基础及混凝土基础施工。对于桩基工程，特别在水中的假山或驳岸用得很广泛。木桩多选用松木桩或杉木桩。木桩顶面的直径约为10-15cm，平面布置按梅花形排列。桩边至桩边的距离约为20cm。桩必须打到硬层，顶端露出湖底十儿厘米至儿十厘米，其间用块石嵌紧，用条石压顶，条石上面才是自然形态的山石。对于灰土基础，有比较好的凝固条件。灰土一旦凝固便不透水，可以减少土壤冻胀的破坏。灰土基础的宽度应比假山底面宽度宽出约O.5m左右，以保证假山的重力沿压力分布的角度均匀地传递到素土层。灰槽深度一般为50-60cm。对于混凝土基础施工，这种基础耐压强度大，施工速度又快。其所选用的混凝土需要具体根据山体的高度、体积、质量和土层情况而定。

Foundation construction includes pile foundation, lime soil foundation and concrete foundation construction. For pile foundations, especially for rockery or revetment in water, it is widely used. Most of the wood piles are pines or fir piles. The diameter of the top of the wooden pile is about 10-15cm, and the layout is arranged in plum blossom shape. The distance between the side of the pile and the side of the pile is about 20cm. The pile must be hit on the hard layer, the top of which exposes ten centimeters to ten centimeters from the bottom of the lake. For lime soil foundation, there are better solidification conditions. Once the lime soil is solidified, it will be impervious to water and reduce the frost heave of the soil. The width of the lime soil foundation should be about O.5m wider than the width of the bottom of the rockery, so as to ensure that the gravity of the rockery is uniformly distributed to the prime soil layer along the pressure distribution angle. The depth of the ash tank is generally 50-60cm. For concrete foundation construction, this foundation has high compressive strength and fast construction speed. The concrete selected should be determined according to the height, volume, quality and soil condition of the mountain.

四、山体施工

Four. Mountain construction

山石叠置的施工要点

Main points of construction of rock and stone superposition

熟悉图纸:在进行山石叠置前需要对其图纸进行充分的掌握，囚为石头的形状较为奇特，所以在叠石时不容易掌握，囚此在施工前，需要首先制作模型，这样可以对设计者的意图进行把握。对于假山施工的图纸，许多时候都是大样图，这样就无法在施工中以此为依据，也起不到指导的作用，所以需要进行多次样稿的制作，与设计师进行充分的沟通，并反复进行修改，真正的了解设计师的真实意图，从而利用最适合的施工工艺进行假山工程的施工勘查现场:对施工现场的勘查是假山施工中的重点，需要在勘查过程中了解现场土质的情况，对地基的承载力进行了解，确保地基能够承载得了山体的荷载，确保山体的稳定性。同时还要根据场地的大小、地形、交通及植被等选择施工方法。目前在一此大型假山工程中，为了保证基础的牢固性，其基础大多选择混凝土来进行施工。

Familiar drawings: it is necessary to make full mastery of the drawings before the stack is stacked, and the shape of the rock is more peculiar, so it is not easy to master the stone when it is stacked, so it is necessary to make the model before the construction, so that the designer's intention can be grasped. For the construction of the rockery, many times are large drawings, so it can not be used in the construction as a basis, but also can not play the role of guidance, so it is necessary to make a number of samples of the production, the full communication with the designer, and repeated modification, the real understanding of the real intention of the planner, so as to make use of the best. The construction process of the combined construction process is carried out on the site of the construction of the rockery project. The exploration of the construction site is the key point in the construction of the rockery. It is necessary to understand the situation of the soil in the course of the exploration, to understand the bearing capacity of the foundation, to ensure that the foundation can bear the load of the mountain, and to ensure the stability of the Baoshan body. At the same time, construction methods should be selected according to the size, topography, traffic and vegetation. At present, in a large rockery project, in order to ensure the foundation's firmness, most of its foundation chooses concrete to carry out construction.

山体堆砌

Mountain stack

一般堆山常分为:底层、中层、收顶三部分。施工时要一层一层做，做一层石倒一层水泥沙浆，等到稳固后再上第二层，如此至第三层。底层，石块要大且坚硬，安石要曲折错落，石块之间要搭接紧密，摆放时大而平的面朝天，好看的面朝外，一定要注意放平中层，用石要掌握重心，飘出的部位一定要靠上面的重力和后面的力量拉回来，加倍压实做到万无一失全山的石材要统一，既要相同的质地，相同纹理，色泽一致，咬茬合缝，浑然一体，又要有层次有进深。收顶，对山体的气势有重要的影响，囚此一般选姿态好、纹理好、体量大的石块做收顶石。

Generally, heap mountain is often divided into three parts: the bottom, the middle and the top. The construction should be done on one floor and one layer of cement mortar, then wait until it is stabilized and then rise to second floors, so as to third layers. The bottom, the stone should be big and hard, the stone should be zigzag and zigzag, the stone should be connected closely, the large and flat face is facing the sky, the beautiful face is facing out, the middle layer must be put in the middle, the stone should be placed on the center of gravity, the parts that float out must be pulled back by the gravity and the strength behind it. The stone of the whole mountain should be unified, with the same texture, the same texture, the same color and color, the stubble and the stitch, the whole body, and the level and depth. The top of the mountain has an important influence on the momentum of the mountain. We usually choose stones with good posture, good texture and large volume.

置石

Stony

置石一般有独立石、对置、散置、群置等。独立石，应选择体量大、造型轮廓突出、色彩纹理奇特、有动态的山石。这种石多放在公园的主人口或广场中心等重要位置。对石，以两块山石为组合，相互呼应，一般多放置在门前两侧或园路的出人口两侧散置，儿块大小不等的山石灵活而艺术的搭配，聚散有序，相互呼应，富于灵气。

Stone setting usually has independent stone, opposite, scattered, group and so on. Independent stone should choose a large volume, prominent shape, color and texture, and dynamic mountain. This stone is mostly placed in the main population or Plaza Center of the park. The stone, with two pieces of stone as a combination, echoes each other. It is generally placed on both sides of the front of the door or on both sides of the garden road.

群置，以一块体量较大的山石作为主石，在

Group, with a large volume of stone as the main stone, in the